Histology Photos from class Slides

Histo-straight-from-the-lab

Trachea



Bowman's Gland- goblet cells release fluid to cover receptors for scent. Found within the lamina propria made up of hyaline cartilage


Cartilage Plates:

Links and models to check out...

Degrauw's Biology page..The link was Waaaaaaayyyyy back on the 2nd post.

The fabulous practice questions

What to find or know function on the practical quiz:

Upper respiratory structures:
Oral cavity-
Hard Palate- bone structure superior to teeth
Soft Palate- soft tissue behind hard palate which extends to uvula
External Nares- opening of nose
Nasal Cavity- nose internal area
Nasal Septum- divides right and left cavities
Nasal Conchae- tissue wrapped around turbinate bones
Turbinate Bones- bones in nose covered with tissue to assist in mixing, warming, filtering and humidifying air
Internal Nares- Internal Nasal cavity
Nasopharynx- Nose area to uvula
uvula- continuation of soft pallate
Pharyngeal Tonsil- in posterior nasal cavity
Oropharynx- Uvula to larynx
palatine tonsil- near Uvula
Phayngeal tonsil- in posterior nasal cavity





Larynx-
Hyoid bone- under chin, bone unconnected
Thyroid Cartilage- Of larynx inferior to hyoid largest piece of cartilage
Arytenoid Cartilage- internal thyroid cartilage posterior to vocal cords
Cricoid cartilage- Inferior to thyroid
Thyrohyoid ligament (membrane) between hyoid and thyroid
Cricothyroid ligament- between cricoid and thyroid
Epiglottis- flexible elastic cartilage superior to larynx opening- closes off respiratory system from esophagus
Glottis
Vestibular Fold- "false vocal" skin folds over vocal cords
Vocal fold- true vocal cords more string-like in appearance



Our models from class- can you identify??




Another Model you can count on seeing


Lower respiratory Structures:
Trachea-
trachealis muscle- smooth muscle through trachea
Tracheal rings- cartilagenous rings "C" shaped
Tracheal Bifurcation
Carina- special C shaped cartilage
Hilus- point where bronchi, blood vessels and nerves enter the lungs
Primary Bronchi-
Secondary Bronchi-
Lobes of the Lung- 2 left lobes and 3 right lobes
Cardiac Notch- impression of heart into left lung
Diaphragm-
Visceral Pleura- The viscera of the lungs folds upon itself at the hilus to for the parietal fluid. It is filled with parietal pleura
Parietal Pleura-



The respiratory zone (as opposed to prior conducting zone)
Respiratory bronchioles allow the first air exchange

Upper Respiratory Histology

Upper Respiratory Histology
Trachea





Olfactory Bowman's Gland





Larynx

Lower Respiratory Structures Histology

Lower Respiratory Structures to know:

Bronchi
Cartilage plates
Seromucus glands
Bronchioles
Clara cells (surfactant secreting)
collapsed lumen
Smooth Muscle
Respiratory Bronchioles
Smooth Muscle
Alveolar Ducts
Alveoli
Pulmonary Arteries and Veins

The first selection is labeled pictures followed by some unlabeled pics for practice.
Slides are mostly gathered from the following histology web sites:
SIU Med

University of Delaware

Bronchi Photos Labeled


Bronchioles






Respiratory Bronchiole


Alveoli



Unlabeled Histology:

Endocrine Histology Pituitary

The pituitary, or hypophysis, is really two distinct glands.

1. The anterior pituitary, also called the adenohypophysis.
2. The posterior pituitary, also called the neurohypophysis.

Both parts are attached by the pituitary stalk (also called neural stalk/ infundibulum) to the median eminence at the base of the hypothalamus.


At 40x the pars distalis (A) and the pars intermedia (B) of the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) and the pars nervosa (C) of the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) can be observed. The pars tuberalis and infundibulum were not a part of this preparation. The pars distalis secretes Growth Hormone (GH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Lutenizing hormone (LH),and Prolactin. The pars intermedia secretes Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). The pars nervosa stores ADH (antidiuretic hormone)and Oxytocin which were secreted by the hypothalamus.

Anterior Pituitary:
Terms to know and Recognize:
Pars Tuberalis
Pars Intermedia
Pars Distalis
Chromophobes- "color" phobes, don't stain well, nucleus appears in hollow hole
hypophyseal portal system
tropic hormones- hormone of anterior pituitary
MSH- melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Acidophils- secrete GH and PRL (Growth Hormone and Prolactin)
Basophils- secrete FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH (Follicle stimulating hormone FSH and leutinizing hormone LH are both referred to as gonadotrophs, adrenocoricotropic hormone ACTH, thyrotropic hormone TSH)


At higher magnifications the dark staining chromophils ( A) and the very light staining chromophobes (B) are easily distinguished.



Chromophobes (black arrow), Eosinophiles (red arrow), Basophiles (blue arrow).

The normal microscopic appearance of the adenohypophysis is shown here. The adenohypophysis contains three major cell types: acidophils, basophils, and chromophobes. The staining is variable, and to properly identify specific hormone secretion, immunohistochemical staining is necessary. A simplistic classification is as follows:

The pink acidophils secrete growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL)

The dark purple basophils secrete corticotrophin (ACTH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and gonadotrophins follicle stimulating hormone-luteinizing hormone (FSH and LH)

The pale staining chromophobes have few cytoplasmic granules, but may have secretory activity.

The Hypophyseal Portal system and Hormones explained simply



A portal system is a blood vessel circuit with 2 sets of capillaries instead of 1. The first capillary bed (1 capillary plexus) picks up the hypothalamic hormones from the ends of the axons. The second capillary bed (2 capillary plexus) drops off the hypothalamic hormones in the anterior pituitary. Connecting the 2 capillary beds are the hypophyseal portal veins.

Posterior Pituitary
Terms to Know:
Pars nervosa
Hypophyseal Tract- blood vessel portal with only one segment as in posterior pituitary
Pituicytes
Neural stalk- (aka) infundibulum
oxytocin
ADH- antidiuretic hormone



This region of the pituitary is non secretory. Its cells are neuroglial-like pituicytes (C).